2023: Voted against H.R. 4367 to expand the H-2 visa programs
Rep. Cuellar voted against H.R. 4367, introduced by Rep. David Joyce (R-Ohio), during the committee markup. The legislation would provide funding for the Department of Homeland Security for FY2024. The legislation would allow the H-2A agricultural guest worker program, used to fill temporary and/or seasonal jobs, to be used for year round jobs. Further, the legislation would allow returning workers to be exempt from the annual cap of 66,000 for FY2024. The H-2B visa program is used to fill non-agricultural, temporary and/or seasonal jobs. The legislation, as introduced, expanded the H-2B visa program in perpetuity.

2023: Sponsored H.R. 1787 to expand the P visa program
Rep. Cuellar sponsored H.R. 1787, the Carnivals are Real Entertainment Act, introduced by Rep. Zoe Lofgren (D-Calif.). The legislation would add foreign carnival workers to the uncapped P Visa category.

2023: Voted against H.R. 2 to reduce Asylum Fraud
Rep. Cuellar voted against H.R. 2, the Secure the Border Act, introduced by Rep. Mario Diaz-Balart (R-Fla.). The legislation would significantly reduce asylum fraud by strengthening the credible fear standard to ensure that only those who are more than likely to be awarded asylum by an immigration judge are allowed to continue with the asylum process. Further, it would prohibit individuals who cross the border illegally from claiming asylum and prevent asylum seekers from receiving a work permit for one year after entry.

2024: Voted for H.R. 7511 to reduce parole abuse
Rep. Cuellar voted for H.R. 7511, the “Laken Riley Act,” introduced by Rep. Mike Collins (R-Ga.). The legislation would reduce parole abuse by giving states standing to file suit against the federal government for its refusal to enforce immigration laws.

2023: Sponsored H.R. 16 to grant amnesty to illegal aliens
Rep. Cuellar sponsored H.R. 16, the American Dream and Promise Act, introduced by Rep. Sylvia Garcia (D-Calif.). The legislation would grant amnesty to more than 3 million illegal aliens who either would qualify under the DREAM Act or have received Temporary Protected Status.

2023: Voted against H.R. 2 to prevent amnesties for illegal border crossers
Rep. Cuellar voted against H.R. 2, the Secure the Border Act, introduced by Rep. Mario Diaz-Balart (R-Fla.). The legislation would reduce amnesty by strictly limiting the situations under which an administration can grant parole to illegal aliens.

2023: Voted for H.J.Res. 24 to disapprove of illegal-alien voting in the District of Columbia
Rep. Cuellar voted in favor of H.J. Res. 24, introduced by Rep. James Comer (R-Ky.). The joint resolution would officially disapprove the the District of Columbia's Council amendment that allows illegal aliens to vote in local elections. The resolution passed the House 260-162.

2023: Voted against H.R. 2 to strengthen border security
Rep. Cuellar voted against H.R. 2, the Secure the Border Act, introduced by Rep. Mario Diaz-Balart (R-Fla.). The legislation would require DHS to restart border wall construction that has been authorized for and paid for by Congress and strengthen the Secure Fence Act of 2006 by requiring physical barriers along 900 miles of border. The legislation also provides retention bonuses for Border Patrol agents and defunds efforts to resettle illegal border crossers across the country.

2024: Voted for H.R. 7511 to increase interior enforcement
Rep. Cuellar voted for H.R. 7511, the “Laken Riley Act,” introduced by Rep. Mike Collins (R-Ga.). The legislation would increase immigration enforcement by requiring the detention of illegal aliens who have committed burglary, theft, larceny, or shoplifting. It also gives States tools to fight back against administrations unwilling to faithfully execute the law as written by Congress. It empowers States directly by giving them standing to sue in Federal court, along with expedited consideration, for catch and release, mass parole, not complying with mandatory detention of aliens ordered removed, and for failing to discontinue visas to recalcitrant nations. .

2023: Voted in favor or H.R. 2494 to strengthen interior enforcement
Rep. Cuellar voted in favor of H.R. 2494, the POLICE Act, introduced by Rep. Andrew Garbarino (R-N.Y.). The legislation would make attacking a law enforcement officer a deportable offense.

2023: Voted against H.R. 2 to mandate E-Verify and criminalize visa overstays
Rep. Cuellar voted against H.R. 2, the Secure the Border Act, introduced by Rep. Mario Diaz-Balart (R-Fla.). The legislation would require most employers to use E-Verify within two years to ensure that new hires are authorized to work in the United States. The legislation provides additional time for agricultural employers to comply. The bill would also make overstaying a visa a felony crime and allow Unaccompanied Alien Children from noncontiguous countries to be returned to their home countries.

2023: Sponsored H.R. 717 to grant amnesty to illegal-alien servicemembers
Rep. Cuellar sponsored H.R. 717, the Repatriate Our Patriots Act, introduced by Rep. Vicente Gonzalez (R-Texas). The legislation would fast track illegal aliens who served in the military to citizenship, cancels all removal proceedings, and brings back all deported veterans.